Instructional Design Toolbox
  • Philosophical Perspectives
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  • Learning Theories
    • Behavioral Learning Theory
    • Cognitive Learning Theory
    • Social Cognitive Learning Theory
    • Social Learning Theory
  • Instructional Theories
    • Case Based Learning
    • Cognitive Apprenticeship
    • Cognitive Flexibility Theory
    • Communities of Practice
    • Discovery Learning
    • Generative Learning
    • Goal Based Reasoning
    • Inquiry Learning
    • Mental Model Theory
    • Model-Based (or Model-Facilitated) Learning
    • Problem Based Learning
    • Situated Learning
  • Instructional Design Theories
    • Gagné's Nine Events
    • Component Display Theory
    • Instructional Transaction Theory
    • Elaboration Theory
  • Instructional Design Models
    • ADDIE Model
    • Kemp Design Model
    • Dick & Carey
    • 4C/ID
    • Keller's ARCS Model
  • Instructional Approaches
    • Direct Approach
    • Problem-based Approach
    • Model Facilitated Approach
    • Simulation
    • Discussion Approach
    • Experiential Approach
  • Theorists
    • Seymour Paperts & Constructionism
  • ID Digital Stories

Goal Based Reasoning:

Schank, Berman, and Macpherson:

Or Goal Based Scenario’s (GBSs) is a learning by doing simulation in which students pursue a goal by practicing target skills and using relevant content knowledge to help them achieve their goal. During the simulation, students are provided with coaching just in time for them to use the information. Giving feedback in this manner allows learners to remember what they are taught. GBSs can be either software environment or live role-plays, as long as they contain a rich amount of content, support interesting and complex activities, and are inherently motivating to the student.

One of the values GBS emphasizes is creating a model in which learning goals aim for students to learn “how to” rather than “know that.”

The GBS method reflects our theory that students should learn content and skills in order to achieve goals that they find interesting and important and that relate to the subject matter.

GBS emphasize teaching students the desired content knowledge in relevant tasks. The only way we remember what we learned is by having similar experiences.